Both population and cereal production grew between 2001 and 2011
world cereal production: up from approximately 1900 million tons in 2001 to 2300 million tons in 2011. [ 21%] p. 5
From Statistical appendix on page 30:
From 2007 to 2011, the annual trend growth rate of world cereal production was 2.78%. From 2010 to 2011 alone, there was a 3% increase in growth.
Price indices for wheat rose by 59.9% from 2010 to 2011. Maize rose by 85/3%. Rice rose by 14%. These percentages are based on data collected throughout the entire year of 2010 and from January through August of 2011.
World Population Data in Thousands: 2001: 6200002 2010: 6895889
Population has increased 11.2% between 2001 and 2010 according to the UN. An exact one-to-one match on the time periods isn't totally possible at this point because, while cereal production numbers may be based on production projections and/or the last harvest has already occurred for the year 2011, the UN will not release exact population data on 2011 until the year has actually ended. There are population projections, but those seem to be in large chunks and meant for the use of demographers tracking major trends. This is the closest data set I could come up with.
Crop Prospects and Food Situation No. 3 FAO October 2011
http://esa.un.org/wpp/Excel-Data/population.htm UN World Population Report, Top Table - Both Sexes